Study finds little link in African promiscuity, STD
LONDON ? In the first comprehensive global study of sexual behavior, British researchers found people aren't losing their virginity at ever younger ages, married people have the most sex, and there is no firm link between promiscuity and sexually transmitted diseases in Africa.
The study was published today by the British medical journal The Lancet. Professor Kaye Wellings of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicines and her colleagues analyzed data from 59 countries.
Experts say the study will be useful not only in dispelling myths about sex, but in shaping policies across the world.
Researchers looked at published studies on sexual behavior in the last decade and used data from national governments worldwide. Wellings noted the survey results were based on self-reporting, and could be susceptible to error.
Wellings said she was surprised by some of the survey's results. She said researchers expected to find the most promiscuous behavior in regions like Africa with the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases. But multiple partners were more commonly reported in industrialized countries where the incidence of such diseases was relatively low.
"There's a misperception that there's a great deal of promiscuity in Africa, which is one of the potential reasons for HIV/AIDS spreading so rapidly," said Dr. Paul van Look, director of Reproductive Health and Research at the World Health Organization, who was not connected to the study. "But that view is not supported by the evidence."
Wellings says that implies promiscuity may be less important than factors such as poverty and education ? especially in the encouragement of condom use ? in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
The survey found that single men and women in Africa were fairly sexually inactive: only two-thirds of them reported recent sexual activity, compared with three-quarters of their counterparts in developed countries.
The study also found that contrary to popular belief, sexual activity is not starting earlier. Nearly everywhere, men and women have their first sexual experiences in their late teens ? from 15 to 19 years old ? with generally younger ages for women than for men, especially in developing countries. That is no younger than 10 years ago.
Still, there are considerable variations across countries. In the United Kingdom, for example, men and women tend to lose their virginity at ages 161/2 and 171/2 respectively. In comparison, men and women in Indonesia waited until they were 241/2 and 181/2 respectively.
Researchers also found that married people have the most sex, reporting engaging in sexual activity in the previous four weeks more frequently than single people. There has also been a gradual shift to delay marriage, even in developing countries.
While that has meant a predictable rise in the rates of premarital sex, experts say this doesn't necessarily translate into more dangerous behavior.
In some instances, married women may be at more risk than single women.
"A single woman is more able to negotiate safe sex in certain circumstances than a married woman," says van Look, who points out that married women in Africa and Asia are often threatened by unfaithful husbands who frequent prostitutes.
There is much greater equality between women and men with regard to the number of sexual partners in rich countries than in poor countries, the study found.
For example, men and women in Australia, Britain, France and the United States tend to have an almost equal number of sexual partners. In contrast, in Cameroon, Haiti, and Kenya, men tend to have multiple partners while women tend only to have one.
This imbalance has significant public health implications.
"In countries where women are beholden to their male partners, they are likely not to have the power to request condom use, and they probably won't know about their husbands' transgressions," said Wellings.
Because of the diversity of sexual habits worldwide, Wellings warns that no single approach to sexual health will work everywhere. "There are very different economic, religious and social rules governing sexual conduct across the world," she said.
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Study finds little link in African promiscuity, STD 
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