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Chapter XL - Note on the US Occupation
Chapter XL - Note on the US Occupation
Chapter XL - Note on the US Occupation

The Haitian economic system was taken over, beginning with: the custody of the gold reserve, the Haitian customs, the control of Haiti's national Bank etc... From that point almost all fiscal and financial matters had to be approved by the state department of the occupying forces. There was also a quasi take over of all Haitian ministries by US generals originally of the mostly still segregated US deep south. A general even headed the Haitian ministry of Education. During the occupation, Haiti lost its pride and autodetermination as a sovereign nation, and seems to have lost also the control of its destiny as the sister republic nation, which had as much right to be guided by the aspiration of its own people, as its strong neighbor on the North would want for its own people.
The US agricultural company and merchants on Wall street stand to benefit the most from the US occupation. The small Haitians family farm were sold to large US company such as, McDonald, HASCO, Standard etc... Who would then create large plantations of bananas, sugar cane, rubber trees, sisal etc. A large section of the Haitian forest would be lost during clearing for plantation, thus marking the beginning of Haiti's environmental problem in the arena of visible deforestation of trees. Part of the peasants population began to suffer from malnutrition "No land, No food". Most of them no longer had their small farm to cultivate and harvest to feed themselves, or sell or make exchange to survive, as the founder of the Haitian nation, Dessalines had planned and envisioned during his short live agrarian reform. In search of a better economic life, poor Haitians started their mass exodus and began to migrate legally and illegally to other neighboring islands of the Caribbean, such as Cuba and the Dominican Republic, etc.
The Haitians people who had enjoyed the freedom to take care of their own country for over one hundred and ten years, resisted the US occupation and conducted guerilla type warfare led by Charlemagne Peralt of the indigenous nationalist section of the Haitian society called "Les Cacos/Haitian liberation Army". The Haitians peasants were also unhappy, because of the ill treatment they received from the US troop, while they worked in a public work program called "La corvee", which reminded most of them of the bygone days of slavery before Haiti's independence. It was only after diplomatic negotiating effort made by the Haitian President Stenio Vincent, who came to the US on Mars 22nd, 1934 to continue to negotiate the disoccupation of Haiti by the US. This was followed by a reciprocal trip to Cap-Haitien on July 5th, 1934 by the US democratic President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Then came out a joint press statement to the effect that: the Haitian national guard will be completely haitianized by August 1st, 1934 and that 15 days later, there shall be no more US marines on Haitian soil. It was by the way, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who as sub-Secretary of the navy under the Wilson administration, had drafted the Constitution that the US would imposed on Haiti during its 19 years of occupation. Roosevelt was probably convinced that the continuing occupation would hurt Haiti further, rather than help it, but the harm was already done. However his change of heart and policy woud clear the way for Haiti's liberation of direct US occupation with US marines on its soil.
On August 21st, 1934 in a touching ceremony, the Haitian flag flew again for the first time on Caserne Dessalines since the US led invasion of 1915. President Stenio Vincent made this circumstantial remark about the Haitian flag: "Que dersormais, il soit l'embleme d'une petite Nation ayant la volonté de vivre dans la Liberté par l'Ordre et dans le Travail sous l'egide salutaire de la paix publique." (Let it be known from now on, that this represents the symbol of a small nation with the willingness to live in liberty, with order and work under the aegis salutary of public peace.) Haitian President Stenio Vincent would be in Haiti the architect of Haiti's new own constitution of 1935, created to replace the US constitution of Occupation.
Haiti History Chapters
First Inhabitants
Christopher Columbus
Cacique Henri
Flibusteers and Buccaneers
French Saint-Domingue
Slaves Uprising
Civil Commissioners
English Occupation
Toussaint Louverture
Leadership of Dessalines
The Independence War
Jean Jacques Dessalines
Alexandre Petion
Henri Christophe
Jean-Pierre Boyer
Guerrier -- Pierrot — Riché
Faustin Soulouque
Fabre Geffrard
Sylvain Salnave
Nissage Saget
Michel Domingue
Boisrond Canal
Lysius Salomon
Francois D. Légitime
Florville Hyppolite
Tirésias Simon-Sam
Pierre Nord Alexis
Decades of Instability
François Antoine Simon
Cincinnatus Leconte
Tancrède Auguste
Michel Oreste
Oreste Zamor
Davilmar Theodore
General Vilbrun Guillaume Sam
Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave
Louis Borno
Louis Eugène Roy
Sténio Vincent
Note on the US Occupation
Élie Lescot
Dumarsais Estimé
Paul Eugene Magloire
Provisional Governments
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
Franck Sylvain
Executive Government Council
Daniel Fignolé
Antonio Thrasybule Kebreau
François Duvalier
Jean-Claude Duvalier
Provisional Governments
Henry Namphy
Leslie Manigat
Prosper Avril
Herard Abraham
Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Raoul Cédras (Military Junta)
Joseph Nérette (provisional)
Émile Jonassaint (provisional)
René Préval
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (II)
Boniface Alexandre (provis.)
2006 Election Controversies
René Préval (II)
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